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Silencing women’s political participation through disinformation campaigns

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Following Bangladesh’s July 2024 uprising, many female student leaders joined the National Citizen Party (NCP). This new political formation emerged in February 2025 as the first student-led party in Bangladesh’s history. Tasneem Zara, Samanta Sharmin, Nusrat Tabassum, and other student activists became prominent leaders and electoral candidates. Their entry into formal politics triggered a dramatic escalation in disinformation attacks.

A recent research, “Disinformation Targeting Female Political Figures in Bangladesh”, investigates how gendered disinformation is produced, circulated, and weaponised against female leaders and student activists in Bangladesh.

It highlights the dominant patterns of gendered disinformation during a heightened political situation. It reviewed 40 distinct fact-checked reports concerning 12 female student activists, constituting 22.7% of the overall sample.

Between 2024 and 2025, at least twelve female leaders and student activists faced systematic disinformation attacks involving deepfakes, fabricated news reports, death rumours, and sexually explicit material falsely attributed to them.

Silencing women's political participation through disinformation campaigns

Author’s Illustration

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Originally published at Dhaka Tribune on January 31, 2026.

Unpacking the T20 Cricket World Cup crisis between Bangladesh and India

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Unpacking the T20 Cricket World Cup crisis between Bangladesh and India

Supporters at the India vs Bangladesh CWC15 quarter final at the MCG, Australia. Image via Flickr by Tourism Victoria. CC BY 2.0.

The 2026 T20 Cricket World Cup, the biennial event organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC), is meant to celebrate cricket’s global reach; it has instead exposed the fault lines where sport, security, and statecraft collide with unwanted consequences.

Bangladesh has refused to participate in matches scheduled on Indian soil due to security concerns and political tensions. However, the unfolding cricket crisis represents far more than a diplomatic standoff or a security dispute.

The genesis of Bangladesh’s security concerns can’t be properly understood without examining the Mustafizur Rahman paradox that has stumped the cricketing world.

When the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) instructed the Kolkata Knight Riders to release the Bangladeshi pacer from their IPL 2026 squad due to security concerns, they inadvertently created a logical conundrum that Bangladeshi officials quickly seized upon.

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Originally published at Global Voices on January 19, 2026.

When the pitch becomes a powder keg

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Cricket
How Online Misinformation Pushed Cricket Diplomacy to the Brink

International cricket has weathered many storms throughout its history, navigating political tensions, security threats, and diplomatic standoffs. However, the unfolding crisis surrounding Bangladesh’s participation in the 2026 T20 World Cup represents something unprecedented: a situation where the International Cricket Council (ICC) appears to be asking a nation to send its cricketers, officials, journalists, and supporters into an environment that carries substantial risks.

So far, the concerns centre on Kolkata, where Bangladesh is scheduled to play three of their group matches. Yet this is not merely about cricket venues or match logistics. Instead, the question has become a crucible where multiple combustible elements converge: A diplomatic freeze between two neighbouring nations, systematic visa restrictions, and the presence of exiled Awami League leaders and activists in Kolkata who harbour openly stated ambitions to destabilise Bangladesh’s current government.

When the pitch becomes a powder keg

The electronic version of the article, retrieved from the website

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Originally published at Dhaka Tribune on January 9, 2026.

Misinformation pushed cricket diplomacy to the brink

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Cricket
How Online Misinformation Pushed Cricket Diplomacy to the Brink

This article, jointly written by Md. Riaz Uddin Khan and Zulker Naeen.

Misinformation pushed cricket diplomacy to the brink

Bangladesh team on practice session at Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium (4).jpg” by Nurunnaby Chowdhury (Hasive) is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

The release of Mustafizur Rahman from Kolkata Knight Riders created what Bangladeshi officials aptly described as a logical paradox. Consequently, this single decision by an Indian Premier League franchise unravelled into something far more dangerous than a mere contractual dispute.

Politicians on both sides of the border were framing the episode in stark, uncompromising terms, which left little room for diplomatic resolution.

Misinformation pushed cricket diplomacy to the brink

Electronic version of the published report

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Originally published at Daily Times of Bangladesh on January 18, 2026.

When valid visas mean nothing: The Bangladeshi passport crisis at immigration counters

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Bangladeshi Migrants
“Bangladeshi Passport” by Moin Uddin is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0. Visit the link to view a copy of this license.

The green Bangladeshi passport, once a symbol of hope and opportunity for millions seeking better lives abroad, has become a liability at immigration counters worldwide. What unfolds daily at airports across Southeast Asia, Western Asia, and beyond is not merely a migration crisis but a systematic breakdown of trust, governance, and human dignity. Thousands of Bangladeshi citizens stand at immigration desks with valid visas in hand, only to be turned away, detained, and deported without clear explanations.

Bangladeshi Migrants
“Bangladeshi Passport” by Moin Uddin is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0. Visit the link to view a copy of this license.

On August 13, 2025, Malaysian immigration authorities denied entry to 204 Bangladeshi nationals at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. The passengers were sent back to Bangladesh, their dreams of overseas work shattered before they could even exit the airport. This incident came after earlier mass deportations of 96 on July 11, 123 on July 24, and 80 on July 25. These travellers had valid visas, proper documentation, and airline tickets. Yet they never made it past immigration.

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Originally published at GlobalVoices on January 9, 2026.

Beyond the boundary: Why Bangladesh says it can’t play cricket in India

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Bangladesh Cricket
Beyond the boundary: Why Bangladesh says it can’t play cricket in India

Cricket in South Asia has always been more than just a sport. It carries the weight of national pride, historical grievances, and political calculations that can turn a tournament into a diplomatic flashpoint. But what happens when the field itself becomes contested territory—when players cannot cross the boundary line because the boundary has become a border they dare not cross?

Beyond the boundary: Why Bangladesh says it can’t play cricket in India

The electronic version of the article, retrieved from the website

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Originally published at Dhaka Tribune on January 9, 2026.

Zulker Naeen is an interdisciplinary researcher and development practitioner

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Journalism
Zulker Naeen is an interdisciplinary researcher and development practitioner

Zulker Naeen is an interdisciplinary researcher and development practitioner whose academic formation and professional trajectory sit at the confluence of Media Studies, Journalism, Communication, and Development Studies.

He completed a Bachelor’s in Media Studies & Journalism and a Master’s in Communication at the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB). Later, he expanded his theoretical grounding with a Master’s in Development Studies from the Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), a combination that underpins his work bridging scholarly inquiry and field-facing practice.

Digital Citizenry
Bridging Research & Practice in Disinformation Studies and Digital Citizenry

This layered disciplinary foundation enables him to deploy communication theory, journalistic method and development frameworks in the analysis and design of interventions that address information disorder, civic literacy and grassroots problems.

As a faculty member in the Department of Media Studies and Journalism at ULAB and as Research Coordinator at ULAB’s Centre for Critical and Qualitative Studies (CQS), he teaches and mentors on courses that synthesize strategy, ethics and technique—Strategic Public Relations, Communications for Development, Critical Thinking and Logic, Fact-checking and Digital Forensics, and Independent Journalism—preparing students to move fluidly between newsroom practice, public-interest investigation and policy-relevant research.

His classroom practice is informed by hands-on verification work and project leadership carried out through Fact-Watch and regional collaborations. He helps translate empirical research into teachable modules and active learning exercises.

Zulker’s research focus is organised around Digital Media and Information Studies, Synthetic Media Studies, Digital Literacy and Digital Citizenry, and their intersections with gender, democracy and civic participation.

He studies how narratives move across platforms and borders, how synthetic media technologies alter evidentiary practices, and how gendered power relations shape both the production and effects of false information; his writings and policy commentaries articulate the theoretical stakes while proposing concrete institutional and pedagogical responses.

In published essays, he has traced the transnational dynamics of disinformation in South Asia, argued for whole-of-society approaches to fact-checking, and documented how misinformation is weaponised against women—each piece grounded in empirical observation and oriented toward practice.

Practically, his work blends qualitative field research with open-source digital forensics and OSINT techniques. He leverages mixed methods—ethnographic interviews, content and discourse analysis, geolocation and metadata verification—to reconstruct information supply chains and attribute patterns of coordinated inauthentic behaviour.

Throughout his career, he has actively translated research into curriculum and capacity building. He has designed specialised training modules and short courses on basic fact-checking and verification toolkits for grassroots practitioners. These pedagogical products are tailored to the needs of journalists in Bangladesh and the broader South Asia region, and are deployed in workshops, fact-checking schools and university classrooms.

His curriculum development emphasises locally-situated problem sets, hands-on verification labs, and gender-sensitive safeguards, ensuring that training is both technically rigorous and ethically attentive.

At the same time, his leadership in regionally focused projects—such as contributing to a draft strategy for South Asian collaboration on transnational misinformation—illustrates how his scholarship moves beyond description to institutional design and policy engagement.

That pathway equips him with a rare combination of strategic communications skills, investigative craft, and curriculum design expertise, enabling him to operate as an interdisciplinary researcher-development practitioner who can convene scholars, train journalists, advise policymakers and support grassroots actors.

In public fora and peer networks, he positions Disinformation Studies as an applied, action-oriented discipline—one that requires methodological pluralism, ethical reflexivity and sustained investment in digital literacy and civic capacity.

His work therefore insists that solutions to information disorder must integrate pedagogical interventions, verification infrastructures, cross-border cooperation and gender-aware policies, and his published commentaries and project briefs offer concrete recommendations for each of these domains.

Anti-immigrant narratives using misinformation in South Asia

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Anti-Immigrant Narratives
Anti-Immigrant Narratives Using Misinformation in South Asia
Anti-immigrant narratives using misinformation in South Asia

Photo: Bangladesh – Rohingya women in refugee camps share stories of loss and hopes of recovery by UN Women Gallery is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Context

South Asia faces an urgent crisis of weaponised misinformation targeting refugees and migrants. This regional study examines systematic patterns of anti-immigrant narratives across India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, and the Maldives. Our research team, comprising scholars from the discipline of misinformation studies, analyses how digital platforms transform humanitarian crises into political ammunition.

The problem is not new, but its digital acceleration is alarming. Misinformation around the Rohingya crisis frequently begins in Myanmar and Bangladesh, crosses borders, and influences public opinion across South Asia. Images from refugee camps and conflict zones are repurposed in anti-immigrant rhetoric to create false authenticity and strengthen biases against Muslim refugees.

In South Asia’s digital sphere, the Rohingya crisis is less about refugees and more about the stories told about them—stories shaped by propaganda, hate, and cross-border misinformation. As South Asian countries navigate shared challenges of migration, refugees, and digital transformation, understanding these misinformation patterns becomes essential for protecting both human rights and democratic institutions.

Regional Dimensions of the Crisis

India emerges as a critical site for anti-immigrant disinformation. Over 20 fact-checked reports document anti-Rohingya misinformation circulating widely on Indian social media and news outlets between 2017 and 2025. These narratives falsely portray Rohingya refugees as criminals, terrorists, or demographic threats.

Bangladesh experiences misinformation targeting religious sentiments, often with catastrophic consequences, including communal violence and loss of life. Misinformation frequently exploits religious identity by highlighting “Muslim” versus “Hindu” in sensational ways.

Pakistan’s narrative landscape reveals parallel patterns. Officials and media personalities falsely blamed Afghan refugees for rising crime and unemployment, claims unsupported by verifiable data. Such narratives gained traction across Urdu-language outlets while digital algorithms amplified anti-refugee rhetoric.

Nepal presents different yet equally concerning dimensions. The fake Bhutanese refugee document scam involved former ministers and top bureaucrats defrauding 875 Nepali citizens of over $2 million. This scandal exposed deep political-bureaucratic corruption while simultaneously undermining genuine refugee advocacy efforts.

Research Objectives and Significance

This study pursues three interconnected objectives. First, we document systematic patterns in how anti-immigrant narratives are constructed, disseminated, and weaponised across South Asian digital spaces. Second, we analyse the transnational dimensions of misinformation flows, examining how narratives migrate across borders through shared language networks and diaspora media channels. Third, we investigate how political actors exploit refugee crises for electoral advantage.

The normalisation of anti-immigrant rhetoric threatens regional stability. Every bordering country faces political instability, economic stress, insurgency, or foreign interference. Our regional approach offers unique insights unavailable from single-country studies. Misinformation about the Rohingya often originates in Myanmar and Bangladesh, then migrates into India via shared language networks. Only cross-border analysis reveals these transnational circulation patterns.

Most importantly, this study demonstrates that combating anti-immigrant misinformation requires coordinated regional responses, not isolated national efforts.

Misuse Of Tourist Visas: A crisis for Bangladeshi aspirant migrants

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Bangladeshi Migrants
“Bangladeshi Passport” by Moin Uddin is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0. Visit the link to view a copy of this license.

This article, jointly written by Zulker Naeen and Md. Riaz Uddin Khan

In recent years, Bangladeshi citizens across all categories, including students, businessmen, and travellers, have experienced unprecedented difficulty in obtaining visas for short-term business and travel purposes. This transformation from relatively accessible visa regimes to highly restrictive processes arises from multiple interconnected factors.

Chief Adviser Professor Muhammad Yunus recently stated that Bangladesh has become quite famous globally for the submission of fake documents, noting that the country continues to face the same complaints from receiving nations regardless of the destination. This reputation for fraudulent documentation has created a systemic credibility crisis that affects all Bangladeshi applicants, including those with entirely legitimate purposes.

Misuse Of Tourist Visas: A crisis for Bangladeshi aspirant migrants

The electronic version of the article, retrieved from the website

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Originally published at Daily Times of Bangladesh on December 28, 2025.

About this insight

This opinion is based on ongoing research into digital and financial literacy among Bangladeshi migrant workers.

Bridging Research & Practice in Disinformation Studies and Digital Citizenry

Airport turnback crisis jeopardising Bangladeshi workers’ dreams

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Digital recruitment scams
Digital recruitment scams: A nightmare for thousands of Bangladeshi migrants

This article, jointly written by Md. Riaz Uddin Khan and Zulker Naeen.

The dream of working abroad has become a nightmare for thousands of Bangladeshi migrants. They arrive at foreign airports with valid visas, only to be interrogated, detained, and sent back home on the next available flight. This growing crisis of airport turnbacks and exploitation under tourist visas is not just damaging individual lives but also destroying Bangladesh’s global reputation. The problem has spread across Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and beyond, with immigration authorities becoming increasingly suspicious of Bangladeshi travellers.

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Originally published at Daily Times of Bangladesh on December 21, 2025.

About this insight

This opinion is based on ongoing research into digital and financial literacy among Bangladeshi migrant workers.

Bridging Research & Practice in Disinformation Studies and Digital Citizenry

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